Terraform Labs co-founder Do Kwon was sentenced to 15 years in federal prison on Thursday for orchestrating a $40 billion cryptocurrency fraud—a sentence notably lighter than the 25 years handed to FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF) last year, despite Kwon’s fraud causing nearly four times the financial damage.

The sentencing disparity highlights how courtroom behavior, remorse, and cooperation with authorities can dramatically influence outcomes in high-profile white-collar cases.

The Verdicts

US District Judge Paul Engelmayer, presiding over Kwon’s case in the Southern District of New York, described the Terra-Luna collapse as “a fraud on an epic, generational scale.” He rejected both the prosecution’s recommendation of 12 years as “unreasonably lenient” and the defense’s request for five years as “utterly unthinkable and wildly unreasonable.”

“Your offense caused real people to lose $40 billion in real money, not some paper loss,” Engelmayer told Kwon, noting there may have been as many as one million victims worldwide.

By contrast, Judge Lewis Kaplan sentenced SBF to 25 years in March 2024 for an $11 billion fraud, citing the defendant’s “exceptional flexibility with the truth” and “apparent lack of any real remorse.”

Why the Difference?

Guilty Plea vs. Trial

Kwon pleaded guilty in August 2025 to conspiracy and wire fraud charges, accepting responsibility for misleading investors about TerraUSD’s stability mechanisms. In a letter to the court, he wrote: “I alone am responsible for everyone’s pain. The community looked to me to know the path, and I, in my hubris, led them astray.”

SBF, on the other hand, went to trial and maintained his innocence throughout. He argued that FTX was merely experiencing a “liquidity crisis” rather than outright fraud. The jury took just four hours to convict him on all seven counts.

Courtroom Conduct

Judge Kaplan found that SBF committed perjury at least three times during his testimony. Kaplan called SBF’s performance on the stand the most “evasive” he had witnessed in nearly 30 years on the bench. “When he wasn’t outright lying, he was often evasive, hairsplitting, dodging questions,” Kaplan said.

The judge also found that SBF had attempted to tamper with witnesses before trial. He sent messages to former FTX general counsel Ryne Miller suggesting they “vet things with each other.”

Kwon, by contrast, listened to victim impact statements—315 letters submitted to the court—and apologized directly. “Hearing from victims was harrowing and reminded me again of the great losses that I have caused,” he told Judge Engelmayer.

Future Legal Exposure

A critical factor in Kwon’s sentencing was his pending prosecution in South Korea. He faces charges that could result in up to 40 additional years in prison. Judge Engelmayer explicitly considered this when crafting the sentence. Kwon will likely be extradited to face trial in his home country after serving his US term.

SBF faces no comparable foreign legal jeopardy, making his 25-year US sentence his primary punishment. However, he is actively fighting to overturn his conviction. In November 2025, SBF’s legal team filed an appeal, arguing that he was “presumed guilty” before his trial even began. His attorney, Alexandra Shapiro, claims the court blocked key evidence proving FTX’s solvency and allowed biased treatment throughout the proceedings. The Second Circuit is expected to take several months to issue a ruling.

Source: BeInCrypto

The Bigger Picture

Both cases represent landmark moments in cryptocurrency enforcement. Prosecutors noted that Kwon’s losses exceeded those caused by SBF, OneCoin co-founder Karl Sebastian Greenwood, and former Celsius CEO Alex Mashinsky combined.

The sentencing outcomes send a clear message to the crypto industry: cooperation and genuine remorse can meaningfully reduce prison time.

Kwon has agreed to forfeit $19.3 million as part of his plea deal. He was also ordered to pay an $80 million fine and to receive a lifetime ban on cryptocurrency transactions as part of his 2024 SEC settlement.

His request to serve his sentence in South Korea was denied.