Russia’s central bank has outlined a potential shift in its approach to cryptocurrency access, proposing a framework that would allow retail investors to enter the market under tightly controlled conditions.
While the regulator continues to stress the risks associated with digital assets, the draft marks one of the clearest signals yet that broader participation could soon be permitted.
Key takeaways
Russia’s central bank proposes limited crypto access for non-qualified investors.
Retail investors would face annual investment caps and mandatory knowledge tests.
Qualified investors would gain wider access, with some exclusions.
Cryptocurrencies would remain banned for domestic payments despite wider access.
According to a policy proposal released on Tuesday, the Bank of Russia would allow both qualified and non-qualified investors to purchase cryptocurrencies, but under different sets of restrictions. Non-qualified investors would only be able to buy a limited selection of liquid digital assets after passing a knowledge test, with their annual investment capped at 300,000 rubles (around $3,834). Qualified investors, meanwhile, would receive broader market access, though privacy-focused coins would remain off-limits, and knowledge requirements would still apply.
The proposal also opens the door for Russian residents to acquire cryptocurrencies through foreign platforms. Investors would be permitted to use overseas accounts and move digital assets through Russian intermediaries, provided they notify the country’s tax authorities of such transactions. This provision appears aimed at bringing more transparency to activity that has often taken place in regulatory gray zones.
A Softer Line Than Before
The draft follows earlier remarks by Vladimir Chistyukhin, first deputy governor of the central bank, who indicated that regulators were reconsidering the strict criteria previously imposed on crypto trading. He suggested that the so-called “super-qualified investor” requirement – introduced earlier this year – could be relaxed.
That category was launched in late April, when Russian authorities helped establish a domestic crypto exchange. At the time, access was restricted to investors with assets exceeding 100 million rubles (about $1.3 million) or annual income of at least 50 million rubles. By comparison, the new proposal would significantly widen the pool of eligible participants, even if strict safeguards remain in place.
Despite the apparent shift, the central bank remains careful to distance itself from any endorsement of cryptocurrencies. In its announcement, it reiterated that digital assets are considered high-risk instruments. While cryptocurrencies and stablecoins are recognized as assets that can be bought and sold, their use for domestic payments remains prohibited.
That stance aligns with existing law. In 2020, Russia’s parliament, the State Duma, passed legislation banning the use of cryptocurrencies as a means of payment within the country. The new proposal does not alter that restriction.
If adopted, the framework would allow crypto transactions to be conducted through licensed exchanges, brokers and trustees operating under their current authorizations. At the same time, specialized crypto platforms and custodians would be subject to additional regulatory requirements, underscoring the regulator’s preference for tight oversight even as access expands.
Overall, the proposal suggests a recalibration rather than a reversal of Russia’s crypto policy. Retail investors may soon gain limited entry to the market, but only within a structure designed to cap exposure, enforce disclosure and preserve the central bank’s cautious view of digital assets.
