Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson has cautioned that implementing post-quantum cryptography could significantly reduce blockchain performance unless accompanied by hardware upgrades. Hoskinson highlighted that throughput might decrease by up to tenfold if current systems are not enhanced to handle the new quantum-resistant algorithms. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) finalized post-quantum cryptography standards in 2024, but Hoskinson emphasized the need for careful consideration of potential performance trade-offs. He noted that practical quantum computing threats could emerge by 2033, referencing benchmarks from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).